“This response is sustained and the speech is generally understandable.At times,though,the speaker’s pronunciation makes it difficult to understand the meaning of her ideas.She really gives only reason why she likes shopping.This reason is used repetitively without much elaboration.Shopping is something she likes very much and makes her feel better.She could have added complexity to her ideas by saying something like“when I go shopping,I usually go with friends and we have a good time together without thinking about jobs,or schoolwork.”She also makes some basic grammatical errors and uses a limited range of vocabulary.”
這是對(duì)于一篇Middle level的口語(yǔ)回答的評(píng)價(jià)。從中我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)以下幾個(gè)問(wèn)題:
發(fā)音:事實(shí)上,托福口語(yǔ)考試在發(fā)音方面僅僅是要求考生的發(fā)音是準(zhǔn)確的即可,不論對(duì)于某個(gè)單詞的發(fā)音是不是有濃重的口音,只要這個(gè)單詞的元音發(fā)準(zhǔn)確,重音不說(shuō)錯(cuò)即可,因?yàn)橹灰獫M足了這兩條就可以達(dá)到“makes one’s ideas/meaning understandable”的要求。這一條成為影響我們?nèi)》值氖滓蛩亍?br /> 內(nèi)容:文中評(píng)價(jià)該考生的口語(yǔ)是僅僅提出了自己為什么喜歡購(gòu)物的原因,但也只是在簡(jiǎn)單地重復(fù)說(shuō)自己喜歡購(gòu)物,卻沒有用更多的闡述對(duì)這一原因進(jìn)行闡述。我們認(rèn)為這是導(dǎo)致中國(guó)考生失分最核心的因素。考生普遍強(qiáng)于說(shuō)理卻疏于舉例,而ETS考官,或者西方人的一個(gè)固有觀念就是“口說(shuō)無(wú)憑,舉例為證”。因此,在回答的過(guò)程中,要求speaker用相當(dāng)?shù)钠ㄟ^(guò)一個(gè)具體的事例來(lái)證明或解釋自己之前提出的觀點(diǎn)。
語(yǔ)法:語(yǔ)法問(wèn)題并不是一個(gè)主要的失分點(diǎn)。也就是說(shuō)口語(yǔ)是靠?jī)?nèi)容取勝的,而不是華麗的句子。內(nèi)容出彩的情況下,語(yǔ)法上的失誤是可以被原諒的;但是內(nèi)容部完整或者說(shuō)得不對(duì)的時(shí)候,語(yǔ)法便會(huì)成為考官扣分的又一理由。
下面是ETS考官對(duì)某考生口語(yǔ)第四題的點(diǎn)評(píng),是以為例:
“The speaker is fairly fluent and easy to comprehend.However,there is some hesitancy or choppiness,which seems to occur as she searches for ideas and do not because of linguistic breakdown.In this response,the speaker has more difficulty using effective pause structure.She has a tendency to complete one thought and immediately begin the next,without pausing in between.At times she then stops and restarts the next idea,giving a somewhat rambling quality to the response.Minor but systematic grammatical errors occur but do not interfere with overall comprehensibility.The speaker states the woman’s problem clearly and with ease.Despite minor grammatical errors,she supports her opinion with fairly sophisticated reason.”
這段點(diǎn)評(píng)對(duì)廣大考生極具參考價(jià)值,它告訴了我們?nèi)绾卧谧约喊l(fā)音及語(yǔ)言組織能力還有欠缺的情況下依舊取得高分。這是對(duì)一篇high level的回答做出的點(diǎn)評(píng)。我們從評(píng)論中不難看出,考官對(duì)于這段口語(yǔ)還是心存不滿的,但是最終還是給了一個(gè)較高的分?jǐn)?shù)。
不足之處:我們通過(guò)對(duì)于不足之處的分析能夠更清晰地了解ETS考官面對(duì)一道口語(yǔ)回答時(shí)會(huì)重點(diǎn)關(guān)注那些方面。
1.流利程度。流利與否是第1項(xiàng)評(píng)分點(diǎn)。流利不僅僅是指我們的在回答過(guò)程中是不是出現(xiàn)了長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的break或者是無(wú)話可說(shuō),同時(shí)也要求考生不要一直不停地重復(fù)同一個(gè)詞(這是一個(gè)非常常見的現(xiàn)象)甚至是重復(fù)剛才說(shuō)的短語(yǔ)、句子。
2.邏輯性。與寫作一樣,口語(yǔ)的回答也需要條理清晰,并且在說(shuō)的時(shí)候要通過(guò)一些關(guān)聯(lián)詞將你聽到的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行整理復(fù)述,使得聽這段口語(yǔ)的人能夠很容易就明白了你講的是什么,這樣就想他傳達(dá)了一個(gè)強(qiáng)烈的信號(hào):我聽懂了。在上面這段文字中,ETS的考官向我們推薦了一個(gè)方法“pause structure”,即在回答完一個(gè)內(nèi)容的時(shí)候做一個(gè)小小的停頓,告訴聽者,下一個(gè)內(nèi)容/觀點(diǎn)要開始了。這樣就可以彌補(bǔ)回答中邏輯詞的發(fā)音不準(zhǔn)或者是誤用、漏用帶來(lái)的失分。
優(yōu)勢(shì)之處:盡管這段回答中存在上述諸多的錯(cuò)誤和不足,但是僅僅一下一點(diǎn)就足以力挽狂瀾,讓我們追回失分。